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- <text id=89TT2504>
- <title>
- Sep. 25, 1989: Look Who's Feeling Picked On
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1989
- Sep. 25, 1989 Boardwalk Of Broken Dreams
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- WORLD, Page 36
- SOVIET UNION
- Look Who's Feeling Picked On
- </hdr><body>
- <p>Russian minorities become targets for discrimination in some
- republics, adding ethnic hostility to Gorbachev's many woes
- </p>
- <p> Russians suffering discrimination in the Soviet Union? It
- sounds about as likely as the English becoming second-class
- citizens in parts of Great Britain. But that is how many of the
- 30 million Russians feel who live in the U.S.S.R.'s restive
- "ethnic republics" like Moldavia, the Ukraine and the Baltic
- states of Latvia, Lithuania and Estonia. In the throes of a
- quest for their own independence, nationalists in those areas
- are denouncing the Russians living among them as "occupiers" and
- "migrants." They are enacting voting laws that disenfranchise
- many Russians and are forcing them to learn the local languages
- or lose their jobs.
- </p>
- <p> Russians often see this as an attempt to kick them out of
- the homes they have inhabited for generations. So they have
- been hitting back with strikes that, if they persist, could
- wreck the economies of some republics. And in Moscow, Communist
- conservatives have seized on the Russians' plight to justify a
- crackdown on the nationalist movements. News reports in the
- capital deliver a crude subtext: ethnic Russians are the victims
- of nationalist extremists. Politburo members like Victor
- Chebrikov, former KGB chief, thunder that those whipping up
- ethnic strife "should not go unpunished, no matter what flags
- they raise and what brightly colored national costumes they
- wear."
- </p>
- <p> Mikhail Gorbachev needs this ruckus about as much as Custer
- needed more Indians. The Soviet President is already trying to
- cope with a sour national mood that is turning bitter amid
- steadily worsening shortages of meat, sugar, butter, salt,
- matches, soap and even warm winter clothing. Now tea, a beverage
- the Soviets consume in vast quantities, has suddenly disappeared
- from store shelves. Said a woman standing in line for lemons in
- Moscow: "They talk about the years of stagnation (Gorbachev's
- term for the Brezhnev era), but at least while we stagnated we
- ate."
- </p>
- <p> In a country where problems are endemic, things seem to be
- spiraling out of control, and the possibility that Gorbachev's
- great experiment could collapse has gained currency. Rumors of
- coups or impending civil war have circulated so widely that
- Gorbachev felt obliged to denounce them in a TV speech early
- this month, accusing both left and right of spreading false
- alarms. The Communist Party Central Committee is scheduled to
- meet this week to discuss the nationalities crisis; Gorbachev
- reportedly will seek its backing to fire more of his critics
- from the Politburo.
- </p>
- <p> But cooling the country's ethnic strife will take more than
- a few dismissals. How does Moscow satisfy the growing hunger
- for self-rule in the republics without aggrieving the large
- numbers of local Russians? In Estonia, where Russians and other
- minorities comprise 40% of the 1.7 million population, the
- Russians complain that personal snubs abound. Alexander
- Yashugin, a decorated World War II veteran who lives in a suburb
- of Tallinn, said an Estonian shopkeeper refused to let him
- register to buy a TV set, and would not even put him on a
- waiting list. "On the front, they didn't discriminate between
- Balt and Russian," he said.
- </p>
- <p> A new electoral law, Russians protest, will exclude 80,000
- to 100,000 of them from voting in Estonia's first competitive
- elections in December. Another law makes it necessary for all
- people to speak Estonian (as different from Russian as
- Hungarian is from English) to get a job. Though Russians have
- four years to comply, they protest angrily that there are not
- enough teachers or textbooks available for all of them to learn.
- </p>
- <p> Last month 35,000 to 40,000 Russians went on strike to
- protest those laws. Though the walkouts have been suspended,
- strike leaders still meet three times a week to prepare for a
- possible resumption. "The strikes are a strong influence on the
- government to revise the laws," said factory worker Vladimir
- Shorikin. Igor Shepelevich, director of a computer-chip plant,
- explained that new strikes could pretty well close down Estonia.
- "The republic's railroads, airports, seaports and power systems
- are all run by Russians," he pointed out. In Moldavia recent
- strikes by Russians left tomatoes rotting in fields and railroad
- cars standing empty at stations, worsening the Soviet Union's
- food shortages.
- </p>
- <p> Estonian nationalists contend that Russians are
- exaggerating their plight and playing into the hands of
- Gorbachev's opponents. "It comes down to the question of who is
- for perestroika and who is against it," said Rein Kaarapere, an
- economist with the republic's Council of Ministers. He may have
- a point. Early this month delegates from Intermovement, which
- claims to represent 100,000 Russians in Estonia, joined members
- of similar groups across the country to found the United Front
- of Workers of Russia. The front is dedicated to battling
- nationalist movements, but it also expressed opposition to
- Gorbachev's plans to introduce more private enterprise.
- </p>
- <p> Gorbachev had once hoped to make the Baltic states a
- showcase for perestroika. But he now faces a painful dilemma.
- If he allows the nationalist movements to run unchecked, he
- risks worsening ethnic tensions on top of all the Soviet Union's
- other problems. But if he cracks down, he will hearten the
- enemies, who are already making rich political capital out of
- the discrimination against Russians. The Soviet leader met with
- Baltic party and government officials last week to seek some
- compromise of their demands. This week's oft-postponed plenum
- may show if he has found a way to calm the potentially explosive
- ethnic hostilities threatening to shake his rule.
- </p>
-
- </body></article>
- </text>
-
-